**Zinc** is the star here — at 25mg per lozenge, you're getting a solid immune-support dose right in the middle of the 15–30mg clinical range. The lozenge format is actually a plus: zinc lozenges specifically have trial data showing they can reduce cold duration by about a third when started within 24 hours of symptoms. The zinc comes from a mix of oxide, gluconate, and chelate forms, so absorption will vary — gluconate is the form most studied in lozenge trials.

**Vitamin C** comes in at 100mg per lozenge. Following the label's two-lozenge-per-day recommendation gets you to 200mg, which is still below the 250mg minimum used in most clinical research. You're covering your daily baseline but falling short of the therapeutic doses studied for immune benefits.

The **Elderberry Extract** and **Echinacea** are dosed at just 20mg each — a fraction of the 300–600mg studied in clinical trials for either ingredient. At these amounts, they're unlikely to contribute meaningful immune support despite appearing on the label.