Hair — Clinical Research
Evidence from published RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.
Last reviewed: 3 March 2026
Strong Clinical Evidence
AminoMar Marine Complex (Viviscal)
MODERATE-HIGHTherapeutic dose: 450 mg twice daily (900 mg total)
- Multiple double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs demonstrated significant increases in terminal hair count, reduced shedding, and improved hair density at 90 and 180 days
- 6-month RCT in men showed significant increases in total hair count, total hair density, and terminal hair density
- 2015 double-blind RCT (60 women) showed significantly increased hair growth and decreased shedding at 90 and 180 days vs placebo
- In vitro studies show AminoMar enhances dermal papilla cell proliferation and increases alkaline phosphatase (anagen phase marker)
Moderate Evidence
Iron
MODERATETherapeutic dose: 18–65 mg/day (when deficient)
- Iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of hair loss, especially in women — low ferritin strongly associated with telogen effluvium
- Supplementation restores hair growth when ferritin is low, but no benefit when levels are adequate
- Dermatology guidelines recommend checking ferritin in all women presenting with diffuse hair loss
Zinc
MODERATETherapeutic dose: 15–30 mg/day
- Multiple studies show significantly lower serum zinc in patients with hair loss (telogen effluvium, alopecia areata)
- Clinical trial showed 50 mg zinc gluconate daily improved hair in zinc-deficient patients with androgenic alopecia after 12 weeks
- No high-quality evidence that zinc supplementation benefits hair in non-deficient individuals
Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA/DHA)
MODERATETherapeutic dose: 1,000–2,000 mg combined EPA/DHA
- 6-month RCT (120 women) showed fish oil + antioxidant supplementation improved hair density and reduced telogen percentage vs placebo
- Anti-inflammatory effects may reduce follicular inflammation associated with pattern hair loss
Pumpkin Seed Oil
LOW-MODERATETherapeutic dose: 400 mg/day
- RCT (76 men, 24 weeks) showed 400 mg/day increased hair count by 40% vs 10% in placebo — statistically significant
- Proposed mechanism: 5-alpha reductase inhibition (anti-androgenic), similar to finasteride but weaker
- Limited to single study in androgenic alopecia — needs replication
Weak / No Evidence
Vitamin D
LOWTherapeutic dose: 1,000–4,000 IU/day
- Low vitamin D levels associated with alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, and female pattern hair loss in observational studies
- Vitamin D receptors are present in hair follicles and involved in hair cycle regulation
- No RCTs demonstrating that supplementation treats hair loss when not deficient
MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)
LOWTherapeutic dose: 1,000–3,000 mg/day
- Provides bioavailable sulfur needed for keratin disulfide bonds in hair structure
- Small studies suggest possible benefits for hair and nails, but no robust RCTs exist
Copper
LOWTherapeutic dose: 0.5–2 mg/day
- Essential for tyrosinase (melanin production) — copper deficiency causes premature graying
- Copper deficiency causes characteristic 'kinky' hair (pili torti) as seen in Menkes syndrome
- No supplementation RCTs for hair outcomes in non-deficient individuals
Silica (Silicon)
LOWTherapeutic dose: 5–20 mg/day
- One study showed silicon supplementation improved hair tensile strength and thickness
- Limited high-quality clinical data for hair-specific outcomes
Vitamin E
LOWTherapeutic dose: 100–400 IU/day
- One small RCT (38 volunteers, 8 months) showed tocotrienol supplementation increased hair count by 34.5% vs placebo
- Single study only — needs replication with larger sample size
Collagen
VERY LOWTherapeutic dose: 2,500–10,000 mg/day
- Zero RCTs demonstrating collagen supplementation improves hair growth or reduces hair loss
- Harvard Health states there is 'no medical evidence' supporting marketing claims of collagen for hair
- Provides glycine and proline which are theoretically useful for keratin, but no clinical evidence of benefit
Keratin (Oral)
VERY LOWTherapeutic dose: Not established
- A few small studies show some improvements in hair strength metrics, but no robust placebo-controlled RCTs exist
- Oral bioavailability of intact keratin is poorly understood — likely digested into amino acids
Biotin (Vitamin B7)
VERY LOWTherapeutic dose: 30–100 mcg/day (DV level)
- 2017 systematic review found zero RCTs proving biotin efficacy for hair growth in healthy, non-deficient individuals
- 2024 review confirmed a large discrepancy between public perception of biotin's efficacy and the scientific literature
- Highest-quality double-blind, placebo-controlled study found no difference between biotin and placebo for hair growth
- AAD released a cautionary statement against biotin as a primary treatment for hair growth
- High-dose biotin (>100 mcg/day) interferes with immunoassay laboratory tests (thyroid, cardiac markers)