Piper betle Leaf Extract

Betel leaf (Piper betle) is distinct from areca/betel nut — the nut, especially when chewed with tobacco, is an IARC Group 1 human carcinogen; the leaf extract itself is not classified as carcinogenic but should not be confused with betel-quid chewing products. Evidence for the leaf extract is limited to in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant studies; no human RCTs were identified for any supplement indication. Some extracts show dose-dependent cytotoxicity in lab models, underscoring thin safety data at supplement-relevant concentrations.

Limited clinical evidence. In vitro evidence only; no human RCTs. Important to distinguish from areca/betel nut, a known human carcinogen.