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D-Limonene

Evidence

Limited
Evidence: 2 of 5 (Limited)

What the evidence says

D-Limonene is the primary monoterpene in citrus peels (~90% of lemon peel oil). Only 2 small GERD studies exist (n=13 and n=19), both from a patent holder, showing heartburn relief. No meta-analyses or large RCTs.

Only 2 small studies (13-19 participants) for heartburn, both from a patent holder

Top D-Limonene supplements

About D-Limonene

D-Limonene is the primary monoterpene in citrus peels (~90% of lemon peel oil). Only 2 small GERD studies exist (n=13 and n=19), both from a patent holder, showing heartburn relief. No meta-analyses or large RCTs. Animal and in-vitro studies suggest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but these have not been confirmed in human trials.

What D-Limonene supports

  • May relieve GERD/heartburn (limited evidence, 2 small studies)
  • Citrus-derived monoterpene with antioxidant properties

How much D-Limonene to take

The RDA prevents deficiency. The effective range is what clinical trials used to actually move the outcome.

Effective

500–1000

mg

Pure d-limonene softgels are 250–1000 mg. Lemon peel products contain ~5–10% limonene by weight.

Forms of D-Limonene compared

Premium forms

  • Pure d-limonene

    Pure d-limonene softgels — the form used in GERD and gut-motility trials.

Budget forms

  • Lemon peel extract

    Whole peel extract — only ~5–10% d-limonene by weight.

Clinical evidence

Limited clinical evidence. Only 2 small studies (13-19 participants) for heartburn, both from a patent holder

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