Boneset

Traditional North American herb used for flu-like illness and fever. No RCTs support efficacy; evidence is limited to in vitro anti-inflammatory/immune-stimulating activity and traditional use. FDA has classified boneset as an 'herb of undefined safety,' and the raw plant contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, so internal use of non-alkaloid-free extracts carries a liver-safety caution. Note: Eupatorium perfoliatum is also a common classic homeopathic remedy name (ultra-dilute, containing no measurable active material); this entry covers herbal-strength material only.

Limited clinical evidence. No clinical trials; traditional use plus limited in vitro data only. Distinct from homeopathic Eupatorium perfoliatum dilutions, which contain no active material.