Hawthorn

Hawthorn has one of the strongest evidence bases among herbal cardiovascular supplements. The SPICE trial (2,681 patients) studied WS 1442 extract for heart failure. A Cochrane review of 14 RCTs found significant improvements in exercise tolerance and symptoms in mild heart failure. Active compounds include oligomeric proanthocyanidins and flavonoids. May interact with cardiac glycosides and antihypertensives. No established RDA/UL.