About VPP/IPP milk peptides
Casein-derived tripeptides Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro (e.g. AmealPeptide) with ACE-inhibitory activity. Meta-analyses show a small blood-pressure reduction (~2-3 mmHg systolic), with stronger effects in Japanese trials and weaker/null results in European trials — effect size and consistency are debated.
What VPP/IPP milk peptides supports
- May modestly lower blood pressure — small average effect, inconsistent across populations
Clinical evidence
Moderate clinical evidence. Meta-analyses show a small BP-lowering effect; heterogeneity between Asian and European trials weakens confidence.
NIH Fact Sheet