Healthy Eyes Extra

Carboxymethylcellulose was the second emulsifier (with polysorbate 80) in Chassaing et al. 2015 (Nature, PMID 25731162), which showed mucus-barrier thinning, a microbiota shift toward pro-inflammatory species, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic syndrome in mice. Chassaing 2022 (Gastroenterology, PMID 34774538) tested CMC directly in a randomized controlled human feeding trial and found reduced microbial diversity and bacterial encroachment into the normally sterile mucus layer in a susceptible subset of participants. EFSA's 2018 re-evaluation could not establish a safe level due to data gaps. For a purely textural excipient, the gut-barrier risk profile is unfavorable when safer thickeners are widely available.

Banned in the EU (2022) over concerns that its ultra-fine particles may damage DNA in gut cells. Still allowed in the US. Used only for white coloring — provides no health benefit.

May trigger sensitivity in some individuals; behavioral concerns in susceptible children

Spikes blood sugar faster than table sugar (glycemic index 85–105). Research links it to gut bacteria changes that may promote intestinal inflammation (Nickerson et al. 2015). Used as a cheap filler — adds nothing beneficial.

A starch hydrolysate from tapioca used as a carrier and flow agent

A simple glucose sugar used as a bulking agent, sweetener, and tablet diluent

A salt of stearic acid used as a lubricant in tablet and capsule production

Fractionated oils rich in C8/C10 triglycerides used as neutral carrier or anti-sticking agent