Alpha-Lipoic Acid 600 mg

Chassaing et al. 2015 (Nature, PMID 25731162) tested polysorbate 80 directly and showed it thinned the gut mucus barrier, altered microbiota composition, and induced low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome in mice. The strongest human evidence is for a related emulsifier rather than polysorbate 80 itself: Chassaing 2022 (Gastroenterology, PMID 34774538) was a controlled human feeding RCT of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) that found microbial encroachment into the mucus layer — polysorbate 80 has not been tested in an equivalent human trial. In vitro work (e.g. Roberts 2010) shows polysorbate 80 enhances bacterial translocation across intestinal epithelium, and observational data link overall dietary-emulsifier exposure to IBD risk. EFSA is mid re-evaluation of polysorbates (E432–E436). For a supplement excipient with purely cosmetic function (improving the look/texture of soft gels and liquids), the gut-barrier risk profile is unfavorable when safer alternatives (sunflower lecithin, MCT carriers, gum acacia) are widely available.

Dose context matters. As a trace excipient in a tablet coating or capsule, the amount is minimal and not a meaningful concern. The evidence below applies to the gram-level intakes typical of sweetened protein powders, pre-workouts, and drink mixes: a 2022 human trial (Suez et al., Cell) showed sucralose disrupts gut bacteria and worsens blood sugar control in healthy adults, and a 2023 study (Schiffman et al.) found that sucralose-6-acetate — a compound formed when sucralose is digested — was genotoxic to human cells in vitro. It remains an artificial sweetener with no nutritional purpose.

Banned in the EU (2022) over concerns that its ultra-fine particles may damage DNA in gut cells. Still allowed in the US. Used only for white coloring — provides no health benefit.

A salt of stearic acid used as a lubricant in tablet and capsule production

A combined mint and mandarin flavoring blend

A polyether polymer used as a tablet coating and plasticizer

Fine silica powder used to prevent clumping

Hard plant wax from the carnauba palm used to glaze gummies and tablets