Vitamin C 500mg

Added free fructose is metabolized in the liver and at habitual intake is linked to elevated triglycerides, hepatic fat accumulation, and insulin resistance; an avoidable sugar load with no supplement benefit.

Spikes blood sugar faster than table sugar (glycemic index 85–105). Research links it to gut bacteria changes that may promote intestinal inflammation (Nickerson et al. 2015). Used as a cheap filler — adds nothing beneficial.

Added sugars and high glycemic load; dental caries risk

A milk-derived sugar used as a filler and binder in tablets and capsules

A salt of stearic acid used as a lubricant in tablet and capsule production

Broad regulatory category of flavor constituents derived from natural sources. Composition is proprietary and not disclosed — 'Natural Flavors' can include several hundred different compounds depending on the target flavor profile, including hexane-extracted constituents and proprietary carrier solvents. 'Natural' is a regulatory definition (21 CFR §101.22), not a safety guarantee.

Fine silica powder used to prevent clumping

Natural flavonoid compounds (hesperidin, naringin, rutin) extracted from citrus fruit peel and pulp