Zinc 30 mg

Chassaing et al. 2015 (Nature, PMID 25731162) tested polysorbate 80 directly and showed it thinned the gut mucus barrier, altered microbiota composition, and induced low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome in mice. The strongest human evidence is for a related emulsifier rather than polysorbate 80 itself: Chassaing 2022 (Gastroenterology, PMID 34774538) was a controlled human feeding RCT of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) that found microbial encroachment into the mucus layer — polysorbate 80 has not been tested in an equivalent human trial. In vitro work (e.g. Roberts 2010) shows polysorbate 80 enhances bacterial translocation across intestinal epithelium, and observational data link overall dietary-emulsifier exposure to IBD risk. EFSA is mid re-evaluation of polysorbates (E432–E436). For a supplement excipient with purely cosmetic function (improving the look/texture of soft gels and liquids), the gut-barrier risk profile is unfavorable when safer alternatives (sunflower lecithin, MCT carriers, gum acacia) are widely available.

Banned in the EU (2022) over concerns that its ultra-fine particles may damage DNA in gut cells. Still allowed in the US. Used only for white coloring — provides no health benefit.

A salt of stearic acid used as a lubricant in tablet and capsule production

A polyether polymer used as a tablet coating and plasticizer

Common calcium salt used as a buffering agent, filler, or mineral fortification in supplements

Plant-derived cellulose used as a binder and filler in supplements

Cross-linked cellulose derivative used as a superdisintegrant

Plant-derived capsule material from cellulose