Lutein 10 mg

May trigger hyperactivity in sensitive children; potential link to allergic reactions

Carboxymethylcellulose was the second emulsifier (with polysorbate 80) in Chassaing et al. 2015 (Nature, PMID 25731162), which showed mucus-barrier thinning, a microbiota shift toward pro-inflammatory species, low-grade inflammation, and metabolic syndrome in mice. Chassaing 2022 (Gastroenterology, PMID 34774538) tested CMC directly in a randomized controlled human feeding trial and found reduced microbial diversity and bacterial encroachment into the normally sterile mucus layer in a susceptible subset of participants. EFSA's 2018 re-evaluation could not establish a safe level due to data gaps. For a purely textural excipient, the gut-barrier risk profile is unfavorable when safer thickeners are widely available.

Banned in the EU (2022) over concerns that its ultra-fine particles may damage DNA in gut cells. Still allowed in the US. Used only for white coloring — provides no health benefit.

A starch hydrolysate from tapioca used as a carrier and flow agent

A simple glucose sugar used as a bulking agent, sweetener, and tablet diluent

A salt of stearic acid used as a lubricant in tablet and capsule production

Fractionated oils rich in C8/C10 triglycerides used as neutral carrier or anti-sticking agent

A synthetic soluble fiber/bulking agent made from glucose