Joint Movement Glucosamine (Berry)

Witkowski et al. 2023 (Nature Medicine, PMID 36849732) reported elevated plasma erythritol associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in two cohorts (n=4,000+), with in-vitro and ex-vivo evidence of enhanced platelet aggregation. Replication is ongoing; FDA and EFSA have not changed their safety positions, but the signal is real and the additive is purely cosmetic. Better-established concern: GI tolerance — single doses above ~50 g cause osmotic diarrhea. Lower threshold for children.

Juice or juice concentrate used primarily for natural color and flavor in gummies

Broad regulatory category of flavor constituents derived from natural sources. Composition is proprietary and not disclosed — 'Natural Flavors' can include several hundred different compounds depending on the target flavor profile, including hexane-extracted constituents and proprietary carrier solvents. 'Natural' is a regulatory definition (21 CFR §101.22), not a safety guarantee.

Natural acid derived from citrus fruits

Sweet-tasting liquid used in soft capsules and liquids

Essential mineral naturally present in many plant-based supplement ingredients

Water meeting USP specifications used as solvent/vehicle in gummies and liquids

Zero-calorie natural sweetener extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana